Nor did this mean solely the native welfare of the papacy, the great order and peace of the Patrimony of Peter. Though not all are found in anybody narrative, there isn't any good motive for doubting their normal accuracy. But are they the stuff of fantasy? Kleinclausz (l'Empire Carolingien, and so forth., Paris, 1902, 441 sqq.) denies the authenticity of the famous letter (871) of Emperor Louis II to the Greek Emperor Basil (in which the former recognizes totally the papal origin of his personal imperial dignity), سعر الذهب اليوم في الكويت and attributes it to Anastasius Bibliotheca in 879. His arguments are weak; the authenticity is admitted by Gregorovius and O. Harnack. Peter and Paul, the pope approached him, positioned upon his head the imperial crown, did him formal reverence after the historical manner, saluted him as Emperor and Augustus and anointed him, whereas the Romans current burst out with the acclamation, thrice repeated: "To Carolus Augustus crowned by God, mighty and pacific emperor, be life and victory" (Carolo, piisimo Augusto a Deo coronato, magno et pacificio Imperatori, vita et victoria). Despite the earlier goodwill and assist of the papacy, the Emperor of Constantinople, respectable heir of the imperial title (he nonetheless known as himself Roman Emperor, and his capital was formally New Rome) had lengthy proved incapable of preserving his authority in the Italian peninsula.
However, the event of Christmas Day, 800, was lengthy resented at Constantinople, where finally the successor of Charles was sometimes known as "Emperor", or "Emperor of the Franks", however never "Roman Emperor". However, there seems no reason to doubt that for a while previous the elevation of Charles had been discussed, each at home and at Rome, particularly in view of two details: the scandalous condition of the imperial authorities at Constantinople, and the acknowledged grandeur and solidity of the Carolingian home. It may be noted here that the chroniclers of the ninth century treat as "restitution" to St. Peter the various cessions and grants of cities and territory made at this period by the Carolingian rulers inside the limits of the Patrimony of Peter. Suffice it to add here that whereas the imperial consecration made him in concept, what he was already the truth is, the principal ruler of the West, and impropriated, as it were, in the Carolingian line the majesty of historical Rome, it additionally lifted Charles at once to the dignity of supreme temporal protector of Western Christendom and specifically of its head, the Roman Church.
Baluze, I, 247, 341, 345); additionally that after the ceremony he made very rich gifts to the Basilica of St. Peter, and that on the same day the pope anointed (as King of the Franks) the youthful Charles, son of the emperor and at that time probably destined to succeed within the imperial dignity. Leo was despatched again to Rome escorted by royal missi; the insurgents, totally frightened and unable to convince Charles of the pope's iniquity, surrendered, and the missi sent Paschalis and Campulus, nephews of Adrian I and ringleaders against Pope Leo, to the king, to be handled at the royal pleasure. Charles, it is true, after his imperial consecration exercised virtually at Rome his authority as Patricius, or protector of the Roman Church. This (the Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate) he considerably omitted from the partition of the Frankish State made at the Diet of Thionville, in 806. It is to be noted that in this public division of his estate he made no provision for أسعار الذهب اليوم في الكويت the imperial title, also that he committed to all three sons "the defence and protection of the Roman Church".
In any case, since the Donation of Pepin (752) the pope was formally sovereign of the duchy of Rome and أسعار الذهب اليوم في الكويت the Exarchate; therefore, apart from its impact on his shadowy claim to the sovereignty of all Italy, the Byzantine ruler had nothing to lose by the elevation of Charles. This resolution produced a domino impact. In reality this Roman patriciate, both underneath Pepin and Charles, was not more than a excessive protectorship of the civil sovereignty of the pope, whose native independence, each before and after the coronation of Charles, is historically certain, even aside from the aforesaid imperial charters. It's certain that Charles always attributed his imperial dignity to an act of God, made recognized after all through the agency of the Vicar of Christ (divino nutu coronatus, a Deo coronatus, in "Capitularia", ed. Charles acquired the Vicar of Christ with all due reverence. Long earlier than this event Pope Adrian I had conferred (774) on Charles his father's dignity of Patricius Romanus, which implied primarily the protection of the Roman Church in all its rights and privileges, above all in the temporal authority which it had steadily acquired (notably in the previous Byzantine Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate of Ravenna) by just titles within the course of the 2 previous centuries.
