Nor did this mean only the local welfare of the papacy, the nice order and peace of the Patrimony of Peter. Though not all are found in any one narrative, there isn't a good motive for doubting their basic accuracy. But are they the stuff of fantasy? Kleinclausz (l'Empire Carolingien, and so on., Paris, 1902, 441 sqq.) denies the authenticity of the well-known letter (871) of Emperor Louis II to the Greek Emperor Basil (during which the former acknowledges absolutely the papal origin of his personal imperial dignity), and attributes it to Anastasius Bibliotheca in 879. His arguments are weak; the authenticity is admitted by Gregorovius and O. Harnack. Peter and Paul, the pope approached him, placed upon his head the imperial crown, did him formal reverence after the historic method, saluted him as Emperor and Augustus and anointed him, whereas the Romans present burst out with the acclamation, thrice repeated: "To Carolus Augustus crowned by God, mighty and pacific emperor, be life and victory" (Carolo, piisimo Augusto a Deo coronato, magno et pacificio Imperatori, vita et victoria). Despite the earlier goodwill and help of the papacy, the Emperor of Constantinople, respectable heir of the imperial title (he still called himself Roman Emperor, and his capital was officially New Rome) had lengthy proved incapable of preserving his authority within the Italian peninsula.
However, the event of Christmas Day, 800, was long resented at Constantinople, where finally the successor سعر الذهب في كندا of Charles was often known as "Emperor", or "Emperor of the Franks", but never "Roman Emperor". Alternatively, there appears no motive to doubt that for a while earlier the elevation of Charles had been mentioned, both at residence and at Rome, particularly in view of two information: the scandalous condition of the imperial authorities at Constantinople, and the acknowledged grandeur and solidity of the Carolingian house. It could also be noted right here that the chroniclers of the ninth century deal with as "restitution" to St. Peter the varied cessions and gold price today grants of cities and territory made at this period by the Carolingian rulers inside the boundaries of the Patrimony of Peter. Suffice it to add here that whereas the imperial consecration made him in theory, what he was already in reality, the principal ruler of the West, and impropriated, because it were, in the Carolingian line the majesty of historic Rome, it additionally lifted Charles at once to the dignity of supreme temporal protector of Western Christendom and particularly of its head, the Roman Church.
Baluze, I, 247, 341, 345); also that after the ceremony he made very wealthy gifts to the Basilica of St. Peter, and that on the same day the pope anointed (as King of the Franks) the younger Charles, son of the emperor and at the moment most likely destined to succeed within the imperial dignity. Leo was despatched back to Rome escorted by royal missi; the insurgents, thoroughly frightened and unable to persuade Charles of the pope's iniquity, surrendered, and the missi sent Paschalis and Campulus, nephews of Adrian I and ringleaders in opposition to Pope Leo, to the king, to be handled at the royal pleasure. Charles, it is true, after his imperial consecration exercised practically at Rome his authority as Patricius, or protector of the Roman Church. This (the Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate) he considerably omitted from the partition of the Frankish State made on the Diet of Thionville, in 806. It's to be famous that in this public division of his estate he made no provision for the imperial title, additionally that he dedicated to all three sons "the defence and safety of the Roman Church".
In any case, since the Donation of Pepin (752) the pope was formally sovereign of the duchy of Rome and the Exarchate; therefore, apart from its impact on his shadowy claim to the sovereignty of all Italy, the Byzantine ruler had nothing to lose by the elevation of Charles. This resolution produced a domino impact. In reality this Roman patriciate, each under Pepin and Charles, was not more than a excessive protectorship of the civil sovereignty of the pope, whose local independence, both earlier than and after the coronation of Charles, is historically sure, even aside from the aforesaid imperial charters. It's sure that Charles always attributed his imperial dignity to an act of God, made identified after all by the agency of the Vicar of Christ (divino nutu coronatus, a Deo coronatus, in "Capitularia", ed. Charles acquired the Vicar of Christ with all due reverence. Long earlier than this occasion Pope Adrian I had conferred (774) on Charles his father's dignity of Patricius Romanus, which implied primarily the safety of the Roman Church in all its rights and privileges, above all in the temporal authority which it had regularly acquired (notably in the former Byzantine Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate of Ravenna) by just titles within the course of the two previous centuries.
